Abstract: One of the main methods to accomplish the goal of saving energy and reducing consumption is to promote the regional energy efficiency. Based on the provincial panel data during 2001-2012,the paper uses super efficiency DEA window analysis method to calculate energy efficiency of Henan, Hubei and Guangdong, and analyzes the driving factors of regional energy efficiency evolution by the grey GM(1,N)model. The results show that: energy efficiency in Henan and Hubei presents the evolution trend to decline after rising; energy efficiency in Guangdong Province has been at the leading level in the three provinces studied, showing a steady trend of evolution; industrial structure is the largest positive driving factors to energy efficiency of Henan and Guangdong, while the largest positive driving factors to energy efficiency of Hubei is urbanization; economic structure is the most prominent restriction factor to energy efficiency of Henan, Hubei and Guangdong. According to the research results, different regions should take corresponding measures to improve energy efficiency in accordance with their own specific conditions.