Abstract: The Third and the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committees stressed the importance of promoting modern governing system, and pointed out that national defense and economic construction are important components of China's modern construction. The coordination of both is of practical significance. The main task of the overall governance system is to allocate defense resources and economic resources rationally through a series of systems. In this way, this study concludes that the overall governance system is composed of governing subject, governing object and economic resources, whose main characteristics are diversification of subject, standardization of methods, institutionalization of forms and legalization of ways. These aspects are expressed in an institutional system of national defense and economic construction. The relationship between system elements can be studied from three aspects:system, mechanism and legal system, from which the overall governing system can be made clearly. The coordination should be dealt with from 5 perspectives made up of leadership system, organization, working mechanism, laws and regulations so as to build a new outlook.