Abstract: Under the interactive interference of internal and external factors,symbiosis network for municipal waste recycling is particularly vulnerable. Therefore, it is an important prerequisite to explore the theoretical connotation, influence factors of system vulnerability and their mechanism for vulnerability governance. According to complex system vulnerability theory, this paper explains the theoretical connotation from two perspectives, which are capacity and performance.Vulnerability can be reflected as sensitivity, adaptability and resilience from capacity, and the results are low economic benefit, insufficient social contribution and poor environmental benefit from performance. Then, this paper extracts some influence factors from symbiosis unit, network structure, network symbiosis mechanism, network atmosphere, and environment uncertainty based on the literature at home and abroad. Based on that, this paper takes network dynamic capability as the combination of SCP and CAS, constructs an integration framework to explain vulnerability influence mechanism. The mechanism shows that quality of symbiotic entity, characteristics of network structure, characteristics of symbiotic mechanism, and effectiveness of policy are independent variables; dynamic capability of network is mediating variable; network vulnerability is dependent variable; while network atmosphere and environmental uncertainty are adjustment variables. In the future, large sample survey can be used to carry out an empirical analysis on the theoretical framework, so as to draw out formation mechanism of vulnerability on symbiosis network for municipal waste recycling.