Abstract: Exploring the relationship between science collaboration and quality of output in research and science is beneficial to enhance the quality and efficiency of research collaboration and then to support the collaboration innovation in colleges and universities. Based on the SCI papers published by the researchers from the State Key Laboratories of life science from 2005 to 2014, six factors(co-author collaboration scale, organization scale, international collaboration, national scientific research, collaboration between the State Key Laboratories and subject integration) are used to separately build regression model on the journal impact factor and times cited to study the influence on the quality of the output. The results show that:co-author collaboration scale, international collaborations, national scientific research and collaboration between the State Key Laboratories have positive impacts on publishing papers in high impact factor journals; co-author collaboration scale, collaboration with strong scientific capacity countries and collaboration between the State Key Laboratories can increase times cited; Integration level within a certain range can improve the paper quality, otherwise the negative effects may produce.