Abstract: In order to maintain the well-functioning ecosystem and ecological security,management of environmental risks required that appropriate management decisions need to be made in condition that the risks has not yet occurred or the risks caused by environmental exploitative behaviors are uncertain. Although principles of cost-benefit and precaution as two management philosophies have their own advantages in the management of environmental risks,management dilemma still exit because of lack of effective incentives(market-oriented means) while applying these two managerial methods. Accordingly,based on the extent of uncertainty of risks caused by environmental exploitative behaviors and the theory of land spatial planning,a framework characterized by“green-development-zone”,“red-forbidding-zone”and“yellow-alerting-zone”are put forward which combines different management philosophy so that uncertainty of environmental risk can be effectively managed. The principle of precautionary polluter-pay which derives from the connection between principles of polluter-pay and precaution is a more feasible means to response to the management of these uncertainties.