Abstract: In this paper,a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental regulation intensity and environmental pollution was made. Global autocorrelation test and local space autocorrelation test were conducted and the results of autocorrelation distribution and significance test of local space were analyzed. Besides,the spatial pattern and spatial evolution of environmental pollution in provinces in China from 2004 to 2014 were studied empirically, and the effect mechanism of environmental regulation on environmental pollution was tested using Spatial Dubin Model. The results show that;(1) the environmental pollution in provinces of China shows significant spatial autocorrelation, forming one cluster of areas of heavy pollution expanding from northwest to northeast and one cluster district of low pollution expanding from east to southeast;(2)environmental regulation intensity and technological innovation hinder the improvement of environment, implying that there is a "green paradox" in China's environmental regulation and technological innovation does not stimulate the "innovation compensation" effect of the Potter hypothesis;(3)the direct effect of environmental regulation intensity is greater than its indirect effect, as well as the level of opening-up. However, the indirect effect of industrial structure and technological innovation are greater than their direct effect. In other words, local environmental pollution is more affected by local environmental regulation intensity and the level of opening-up than that in adjacent provinces. The influence of industrial structure and technological innovation in adjacent provinces is great than that affected by local level of industrialization and technological innovation.