Abstract: In recent years, the study of environmental behavior has gradually become a key issue of concern for researchers. Researchers pay more attention to an individual's daily environmental behavior and its influence mechanism. Drawing on CGSS2013 and China Statistical Yearbook data, this study built up a theoretical model of influencing factors of the public participation behavior in environmental governance, and analyzed it from micro and macro levels. The study showed that, on the individual level, rural residents had more environmental governance participation behavior and those who had received more education participated more in environmental governance. Environmental perception of risk, political participation and institutional trust could promote public participation behavior in environmental governance. On the macro level, economic development and reasonable adjustment of industrial proportions could stimulate public participation behavior in environmental governance. Under the premise of steady economic growth, the increasing regulation of waste disposal and concentration of PM2.5 will promote the overall participation of the public in environmental governance.