Abstract: In October 2016, the 39th ICAO Assembly agreed to establish a Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation（CORSIA），in order to achieve the goal of 2020 Carbon Neutral Growth. For the one thing, CORSIA is the result of the long-lasting efforts made by the ICAO to mitigate the emission of international aviation. It also relates to the urgent need to reduce carbon emission of international aviation and acknowledgement of the aviation sector. On the other hand, CORSIA is the result of EU's active promotion and unilateral threatening in the negotiation of emission reduction of international aviation. The features of CORSIA consist of limited coverage, implementation by three phases, offsetting obligations based on“easy before difficult”, etc. Currently, CORSIA faces various challenges, e.g. the criteria of emission units eligible for offsetting will turn out to be the key obstacle to the implementation of CORSIA and there are no compliance and penalty mechanisms in CORSIA. For the purpose of enhancing the reduction effectiveness of CORSIA and minimizing the distortion to the aviation market, ICAO ought to make further efforts to improve CORSIA implementation programmes. Alternatively, the member states of ICAO may adjust its voluntary mitigation mechanism for the emission of aviation. The effective implementation of CORSIA heavily depends on the self-help mechanism of member states under the Chicago Convention.