Abstract: This paper aims to calculate the shadow price of carbon dioxide in different enterprises from 2005 to 2010 which obtain the microscopic data of 558 thermal power enterprises in China.For this purpose,we uses the output-quadratic diretional distance function,applying the different estimaion methods. The study shows that the average value of CO2 shadow price calculated by the Parametric Linear Programming(PLP)method is the highest,which is 1 957.112 yuan/ton;the average shadow price of CO2 calculated by the Ordinary Least-Squation(OLS)method is the lowest,which is 747.634 yuan/ton; the average value of CO2 shadow price calculated by the Corrected Mean Absolute Deviation(CMAD)methdod is is 808.912 yuan/ton;the average shadow price of CO2 calculated by the Stochastic Frontier Analysis(SFA)method is 934.811 yuan/ton. Based on all methods,the average shadow price of CO2 in the eastern region is 1 115.631 yuan/ton,the average shadow price of CO2 in the northern region is 1 119.815 yuan/ton,the average shadow price of CO2 in the southern region is 1 106.900 yuan/ton,and the average shadow price of CO2 in the western region is 1 114.076 yuan/ton. This paper further makes the simulation analysis of multi-dimensional carbon trading between power plants and regions,using calculated carbon dioxide shadow prices,proving that carbon trading can bring considerable economic benefits to thermal power enterprises;At the same time,we predict the trend of carbon dioxide shadow price in eight power plants in the next ten years,and further demonstrat the possibility of realizing the strategic goal of long-term environmental and resource protection in China.