Abstract: The novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in early 2020 is a huge risk for China and the whole world, which should be examined from the perspective of distributive justice. The Justice of risk distribution is composed of logical premise, value idea, basic principle and so on. People’s limited rationality and unpredictable risk make all people face different levels of risk, and people at extreme risk will exacerbate and diffuse risk, which is the logical premise of risk distribution. The protection of the right of life and the right of liberty and equality, and the maintenance of the different abilities with different endowments and different conditions of the people to resist the risk render it necessary for risk distribution to adhere to the concept of unequal equality. According to the value concept of unequal equality, justice of risk distribution should adhere to the basic principle of symmetry distribution, including symmetry principle of risk distribution of and production risk responsibility, symmetry principle of risk distribution and return from risk, and symmetry principle of risk distribution and ability of risk resisting.