Abstract: The circulation structure and information mechanism of majorepidemic situationemergency materials guarantee system in our country still pursue a centralized mode. This top-down and single-point radiation management thinking hinders the efficient management and accurate distribution of emergency materials, which needs to be reformed urgently. The direction of the reform is to establish a flat supply chain system according to the idea of science and technology supporting the modernization of national governance capacity at the 4th Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and to adapt to the network characteristics of the flow of emergency materials, and to embed the blockchain into the supply chain system. The blockchain algorithm is used to realize the information communication on the chain, so as to make the information of emergency materials transparent, true, complete, shared and traceable. The blockchain can distinguish the authority of the network node, ensure the leading role of the competent authority, achieve accurate traceability of emergency supplies,include the supervision organ or individual to form the supervision over the distribution of "public assets", and form a high-quality big data, which can be used as a basis for the competent authority in emergency decision-making and statistical information.