Abstract: Since the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), generations of Chinese Communists have devoted themselves to exploring anti-poverty models and roads. From relief models, development models to targeted models, poverty alleviation has been regarded as the bottom-line task and iconic indicator of building a well-off society in an all-round way.After a century of exploration, The Communist Party of China led the Chinese people to achieve their first century of struggle as scheduled, completely eliminated the absolute poverty problem that plagued the Chinese people, and accumulated a wealth of anti-poverty experience. At present, the CPC’s anti-poverty focus has shifted from eradicating absolute poverty to controlling relative poverty, exploring measures to consolidate the results of poverty alleviation, and establishing a long-term mechanism for relative poverty governance. This is essential for achieving the second centenary goal and promoting the modernization process of socialism with Chinese characteristics.