Abstract: Financial literacy began in campus finance knowledge popularization and matured gradually in the reflection on systemic financial risk prevention and financial consumer protection in the post-crisis era. Based on the behavioral economic conclusion of the deviation of the behavior of the consumer subject in the financial market, the international community gradually improves policy orientation of financial literacy, coordinates resources in the government, market and society, and responds to the improvement of the financial market infrastructure under the promotion of the subject’s responsibility. Facing the subject intellectual proposition of diversification and complexity, the practice of financial literacy is subject to theoretical validity questioning and the high cost dilemma in practice, and the mismatch between system expectation and realistic effect leads to the over-involvement of the private right order. Starting from problem disposal and risk response, the practice of financial literacy should strengthen the government’s leading position in the national strategy of financial education under the threshold of rule of law, and broaden the policy channel embedded in financial supervision in priority areas. Focusing on the “preventive” characteristic of institutional rationale, the practice of financial literacy should take “the right to education” as the core and create a financial ecological environment featured by incentive and co-governance.