管理过失中因果关系认定的反思与重构以危险现实化理论为向导

    Reflection and Reconstruction of Identification of Causality in Management NegligenceGuided by Hazard Actualization Theory

    • 摘要: 如何认定管理过失中的因果关系,是实务上较为疑难的问题,而现有的理论解决方案,也大多存在标准模糊和说理不足等弊病。究其原因,在于其忽视管理过失行为所特有的危险,局限于观察介入因素在经验上是否异常,从而无法适应管理过失场合的归责需要。相较而言,引入危险现实化理论解决这一问题,不仅在判断流程上更为清晰,也能够更为深刻地解释因果关系的本质,可认为最理想的路径。具体的判断中,首先应当结合管理行为的性质,考察管理过失创设的是物理危险还是资格危险。其次,结合具体的危险类型,考察该危险是否以直接或间接的方式,实现于构成要件结果中。通过规范地逐级考察,管理过失中的因果关系问题便可迎刃而解。

       

      Abstract: How to identify the causality in management negligence is a difficult problem in practice, and most of the existing theoretical solutions have drawbacks of vague standards, insufficient reasoning,etc. The reason is that existing solutions ignore the unique hazards of management negligence, and are limited to observing in an empirical manner whether the intervention factors are abnormal, and thus cannot satisfy the imputation needs in circumstances of management negligence. In comparison, by introducing the hazard actualization theory to solve this problem, not only can we make the judgment process clearer, but we can also explain the nature of causality more profoundly, which makes the introduced theory the most ideal path. In specific judgment making, it should first be considered whether the management negligence creates a physical hazard or a qualification hazard based on the nature of the management behavior. Secondly, it should be considered whether the hazard is actualized in the result of the constituent elements in a direct or indirect way in combination with the specific type of hazard. Through standardized and step-by-step investigations, causality in management negligence can be easily solved.

       

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