Abstract: China is in the strategic period of industrial green transformation. Industrial air pollution is the key target for treatment. Clean and environmentally friendly technologies are an important breakthrough in pollution reduction and emissions. Import trade is the core channel for absorbing foreign advanced pollution control technologies. Whether Import trade technology spillovers reduce industrial air pollution emissions is worth exploring. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2000 to 2017, using the “scale-structure-technology” environmental effects as the transmission path, the generalized spatial two-stage least square method (GS2SLS) and stepwise regression method are used to investigate if there are mediating effects between the technology spillover of import trade and intensity of industrial air pollution emissions. The results show that: (1) At the national level, import trade technology spillovers can bring about three types of environmental effects: the expansion effect of industrial economy, the optimization effect of factor endowment structure, and the effect of industrial technology progress. Through the expansion of scale, the optimization of structure and the improvement of technological progress, import trade technology spillovers have a significant impact on Industrial air pollution emissions; (2) Import trade technology spillovers and industrial air pollution emissions intensity show a “Nshape”, that is, as the level of capital goods technology spillovers continue to increase, the dominant force of influence follows the “scale expansion effect-structural optimization with technology progress effect-environmental rebound effect with blocking independent innovation” path. However, with the increase of intermediate product technology spillover, the trend of influencing the dominant force is “scale expansion effect-structural optimization with technological progress effect-environmental rebound effect ”; (3) At the regional level, based on the average value of technology spillovers, technology spillovers from import trade in 11 provinces and cities have increased the intensity of pollution emissions due to economic scale effects. Technology spillovers in other provinces and cities have played a role in energy conservation and emission reduction due to structural effects and technological progress effects. Finally, in response to the research conclusions, suggestions are made to promote the coordinated development of industrial economic scale expansion and atmospheric environmental quality, strengthen the organic integration of import trade technology spillovers and independent innovation, and expand the scale of import trade in accordance with local conditions.