Abstract: “The 14th Five Year Plan” period is the key and beginning period for China to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutralization. It is of great significance to continuously strengthen the control of energy consumption intensity. This paper constructs an energy efficiency index for the five departments of agriculture, industry, construction, transportation and service, which can evaluate the comprehensive energy economic efficiency level of provincial administrative regions and compare it in time and space dimensions, so as to analyze the current situation and improvement space of energy efficiency of provincial administrative regions. The results show that Chinese provincial energy efficiency index has increased by about 10% from 2010 to 2018, but the energy efficiency index level of the eight comprehensive economic zones is extremely uneven. At the same time, the energy consumption and energy efficiency index of most provinces show a synchronous increase trend. Through the binary analysis of energy consumption and energy efficiency index of five departments in each provincial administrative region, the key energy-saving areas of each department are identified.