Abstract: The relation between capital and labor is the axis of understanding modern social life. In modern society, capital with its concealment and deception has realized the abstract rule of modern social life and created the alienation of human existence. Under the protection of modern metaphysics, capital principle has become the organization principle of modern social life, and the basic role of labor has been covered, so it is imperative to reshape the organization principle of social life. Paying close attention to people’s real life process, Marx criticized the metaphysical essence of the national economics based on principles of labor to labor principles on the basis of historical materialism, and went deep into the dual criticism of the nature of capital and the basic organizational system of modern metaphysics, and showed the significance of labor issues in the relationship between capital and labor. As a human life activity, labor is the territory where people can truly determine themselves. Marx regarded labor principle as the most important direction to overcome the capital principle. Taking labor as the principle to reshape social life means adhering to the people-oriented principle. The key of the problem is not the deviation of capital or labor, but the constant balance and interaction between the two, and the replacement of capital principle by labor principle to realize the change of the internal organization principle of social life.