善意取得抑或赃款追缴赃款直播打赏民刑交叉问题的实证研究

    Obtaining in Good Faith or Recovering Illicit MoneyA Civil-law and Criminal-law Interdisciplinary Empirical Analysis of Live Reward of Illicit Money

    • 摘要: 使用赃款向网络主播打赏的案件近年来频繁发生,此种打赏是否可被司法机关追缴、还是由网络平台和主播善意取得,对此问题在学术界尚未形成通说,司法裁判的结论也各不相同。直播打赏涉案犯罪罪名种类多,主要涉及财产类犯罪;犯罪主体限于自然人,以青年男性居多;在被打赏的平台和主播中,泛娱乐直播占比较高。从中国刑事追缴制度的立法沿革可知,立法机关对于民法上的善意取得制度持肯定态度。司法机关对于赃款用于打赏是否可追缴存在分歧,对打赏行为的法律性质存在不同认知。用户打赏行为不是无偿赠与合同,也非附义务赠与,而是属于“用户平台”和“用户主播”之间的服务合同关系:平台提供技术支持,主播付出直播服务劳动,打赏用户获得精神回报。在服务合同关系中,不考虑货币特殊属性对赃款的影响时,打赏行为属于民法上的无权处分,在无相反证据时,应当推定平台和主播具有善意,正常打赏的对价有其合理性。因打赏礼物给主播而完成赃款打赏的交付,符合善意取得规则。因此正常的网络打赏即使是赃款在刑事程序中也一般不应被追缴。

       

      Abstract: Cases of using illicit money to reward network anchors have frequently occurred in recent years. A consensus has not yet been reached in the academic circle about whether such rewards can be recovered by judicial organs or obtained in good faith by online platforms and anchors, and the conclusions of judicial decisions vary. There are many types of crimes involved in live-streaming rewarding, mainly involving property crimes; the subjects of crime are limited to natural persons, mostly young men; among the platforms and anchors who are rewarded, pan-entertainment live-streaming accounts for a relatively high proportion. From the legislative evolution of our country’s criminal recovery system, it can be seen that the legislature holds a positive attitude towards the good faith acquisition system in the civil law, but the current judicial organs disagree on whether the illicit money can be recovered when it is used for rewards, mainly due to the legal nature of the rewarding behavior. There are different perceptions. The user’s rewarding behavior is not a free gift contract, nor a gift out of obligation, but a separate service contract relationship with the gift d for rewards, mainly due to the legal nature of the rewardtion system in the civiprovides live streaming, and reward givers get spiritual reward. In the service contract relationship, when the influence of the special attribute of currency on illicit money is not considered, the act of rewarding is a disclaimer in civil law. In the absence of contrary evidence, it should be presumed that the platform and the host have good faith, and the consideration for the normal reward is reasonable. The delivery of illicit money by tipping a gift to an anchor is in line with the rules of good faith acquisition system. Therefore, normal online tipping of illicit money should not generally be recovered in criminal proceedings.

       

    /

    返回文章
    返回
    Baidu
    map