Abstract: The community with a shared future for mankind, put forward by the Communist Party of China focusing on the development of human society, is a global initiative and original ideological system. From the perspective of the Marxist theory of world history, building a community with a shared future for mankind not only is a need to deal with the current global risks and challenges, but also is consistent with the regular trend of world history from being closed and isolated to being open and united. It is a possible “transition stage” in the development of world history to a higher stage. In the “transition stage”, the relationship between socialism and capitalism is the current focus, which is mainly reflected in the relationship between socialist countries and capitalist ones. The building of a community with a shared future for mankind transcends the inherent antagonism of the relationship between two systems, promotes the continuous progress of world history through the unity of difference and integrity, advances the vigorous development of socialism, and ultimately realizes the lofty goal of communism.