Abstract: China’s renewable energy develops rapidly with a series of policy support. Nevertheless, it is still far from enough to satisfy the large-scale, high-proportion, market-oriented, and high-quality renewable energy development required by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality (i.e., dual carbon) goals. Thus, a new policy system is urgently needed to support renewable energy development. To this end, first, this study points out the policy development pathways and the policy framework of China's renewable energy. It clarifies the influence mechanism of renewable energy policies on dual carbon goals. Second, it analyzes the differences and links between the renewable energy policies in China and those in major developed countries such as Europe and the United States. Then, it discovers the deficiencies of the current policy system based on existing policy effects. Finally, it puts forward the suggestions for improving China's renewable energy policy system under dual carbon goals to provide decision support for further promoting renewable energy development.