Abstract: On the basis of coupling development of multi-system and the characteristics of stock and increment, an indicator system that takes into account energy consumption, economic development, environmental protection and social progress at urban level was constructed, and the coefficients of increment and stock were calculated. Taking Jiangsu province as an example, the study empirically analyzed the coupling level of 13 prefecture-level cities from the perspective of temporal and spatial distribution during 2015—2019. The research results show that Jiangsu province has made significant progress in promoting coupling and coordination of energy, economy, environment and society, but there exists obvious heterogeneity between different cities. Specifically, southern cities perform better than central cities, and central cities better than northern cities. At the same time, as the largest economy in Jiangsu province, Suzhou has the best performance in coordinated development of energy, economy, environment and society, reaching the highest level. In addition, Nanjing, Nantong, and Suqian have shown a steadily improving trend of coupling level, while coupling levels in Zhenjiang, Lianyungang and Xuzhou fluctuate greatly, which needs to be focused on and needs improvement plans. Finally, this paper further discussed the heterogeneity of coupling and coordinated development at the city level and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions.