感性直观的扬弃:历史唯物主义形成的关键环节

    Sublation of Sensibility and Intuition: Key Link of the Formation of Historical Materialism

    • 摘要: 历史唯物主义是马克思将旧唯物主义改造为革命理论的哲学成果,也是马克思扬弃旧哲学的最终哲学样态。在唯物主义历史化的过程中,马克思对费尔巴哈唯物主义的批判起到了至关重要的作用。马克思辨识了费尔巴哈唯物主义哲学中自然科学的直观和最高的直观构成的二重性的直观的逻辑优先性,全面批判了费尔巴哈感性直观与实践主体之间的矛盾。通过揭示感性对象与感性活动的真实的辩证关系,马克思不仅深刻批判了费尔巴哈的感性直观论停留于抽象的人的概念,更是以高级的哲学直观超越了直观范畴,从而建构起生产逻辑有机介入的实践范畴,使得直观本身在历史化了的唯物主义中获得异质性重生。

       

      Abstract: Historical materialism is Marx’s philosophical achievement of transforming old materialism into revolutionary theory, and it is also Marx’s final philosophical state of sublating philosophy. In the process of historicization of materialism, Marx’s criticism of Feuerbach’s materialism plays a crucial role. Marx identified the logical priority of the dual nature of the intuition of natural science and the highest intuition in Feuerbach’s materialist philosophy, and comprehensively criticized the contradiction between Feuerbach’s perceptual intuition and practical subject. Through perceptual object and the perceptual activity of the real dialectical relations, Marx not only profoundly criticized Feuerbach’s theory of sensibility intuitive because it focused only on the abstract concept of “people”, but also pushed the philosophy of senior intuitive beyond the confines of intuitive, so as to construct a step in the practice of production of logic organic category, making the intuitive itself achieve the heterogeneity of rebirth in historicized materialism.

       

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