Abstract: In the new era, China’s energy development needs to follow a new path of high-quality development. A clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system should be built on the premise of ensuring security. The high-quality development of provincial energy is the key to promote regional energy development according to local conditions. In order to guide the energy development of provinces and enhance the awareness of standard and catch-up, it is necessary to build a set of trackable, evaluable and surveyable high quality development index of China's provincial energy. From four dimensions of energy supply security, energy consumption, energy structure and energy technology, this study defines 16 connotation indicators of high-quality energy development in the new era, and calculates and analyzes the development level and dynamic performance of high-quality energy development in 31 provinces in China during 2012—2022, and predicts the change trend in 2023. The results show that the overall high-quality development of energy in China is moving steadily to a high level with small fluctuations, and the inter-provincial differences are narrowing. In 2022, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Beijing will become the benchmark provinces for high-quality energy development. Shanxi and Inner Mongolia have played a key role in ensuring energy prices and supply. Sichuan's emergency response, peak regulation and other systems are seriously inadequate. It is expected that in 2023, the development level of high-quality energy in the top provinces will be stable, the tail provinces will be stable and improve, and the middle and rear provinces will have a downward trend.