Abstract: This paper takes the listed companies participating in exports from 2007 to 2016 as the main research object, uses the word frequency related to digitization in the annual reports of these companies to measure the process of digital transformation of enterprises, and adopts the Network Readiness Index (NRI) released by the World Economic Forum to measure the development level of digital economy in the destination countries of these companies, aiming to discuss the effect and mechanism of the development of digital economy in destination countries on the digital transformation of export enterprises. The results show that: (1) The development of digital economy in the destination country significantly promotes the digital transformation of export enterprises, and this result is still valid after a number of robustness and endogeneity tests. (2) The promotion effect of the development of digital economy in the destination country on digital transformation of export enterprises is more significant in private enterprises with higher efficiency, capital–intensive enterprises with higher technology content and more in–depth exchanges with the destination country, enterprises in the eastern region with better terms of trade and economic foundation, and enterprises with higher digitization level. (3) The development level of digital economy in the destination country mainly affects the digital transformation of export enterprises through the mechanism of knowledge spillover, and the knowledge absorption capacity of export enterprises will have a positive moderating effect on this impact.