Abstract: Xi Jinping’s important exposition on new quality combat effectiveness is an important part of Xi Jinping’s thoughts on strengthening the military. It has rich theoretical connotation, strict generative logic and profound value of the times. New-quality combat effectiveness is combat effectiveness that is in line with the development of new-quality productivity, is combat effectiveness that is led by strategic capabilities in emerging fields, and is also combat effectiveness that is marked by new types of combat forces. Its historical formation stems from the inheritance and innovation of Marxist military theory, the inheritance and promotion of China’s excellent traditional military culture, and the exploration and summary of the century-old party’s liberation and development of military combat effectiveness. It has enriched and developed Marxist military theory, pointed out the way forward for national defense scientific and technological innovation and high-quality development of military power in the new era and new journey, and provided Chinese solutions for the construction of military combat effectiveness in various countries around the world. To implement Xi Jinping’s important exposition on new-quality combat effectiveness, we must always uphold and strengthen the partys absolute leadership over the military, continue to promote scientific and technological innovation and build a modern industrial system, and forge and cultivate a new phalanx of military talents. Generation and innovative development of the new quality of the military’s combat effectiveness can provide a strong guarantee for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and a strong army and the great cause of national rejuvenation.