Abstract: “The theory of alienated labor” in the Manuscript of Paris was put forward against the theory of revenue forms of national economy. It is an important critique of national economy and bourgeois society. This theory discloses the antinomies of the theory of revenue forms of national economy, pointing out that although national economy endeavors to enrich the people, it results in universal poverty of the working class, and that its theory of labor price reduces the working class to animals. This theory exposes the conflicting class relation, which national economy tries to conceal, pointing out that, unlike what is stated in the theory of revenue forms, the class relation in bourgeois society is filled not with harmony but with conflicts. This theory also explains the essence of private property, pointing out that the alienation of human is embedded in national economy and the essence of private property, and this theory is a critique of the premise of national economy.