Abstract: In On the Jewish Question, Marx’s interpretation of the essence and relationship between religious liberation, political liberation, political state, and human liberation uncovered the mystery of the “hindrance” to Jewish liberation. In Marx’s view, religious activities are rooted in secular contradictions, political liberation and the political state are false marketing to defend a minority, and true human liberation is the awakening of individuals in reality. In the process of analyzing the issue of Jewish liberation, Marx broke through the limitations of national ethnic groups, extended the Jewish problem in Germany to the common problems faced by the entire civil society, and pointed out the alienation phenomenon and rescue direction of civil society.The realization of human modernization is a key link in achieving human liberation.To promote the modernization of people, we should draw wisdom from Marx’s analysis and critique of civil society.Productivity seeks to upgrade and expand its material foundation, the state and society move from the “duality” of capitalism to the true coordination and integration of socialism, human rights and freedom serve the real people as free individuals, and individuals consciously participate in modernization construction.