人工智能法律拟制主体地位再探面向拟制哲学视角下的法律主体制度

    Further Exploration of Subject Status of Artificial Intelligence Legal FictionBased on Legal Subject System from the Perspective of Fiction Philosophy

    • 摘要: 在人工智能法律主体地位的研究中,拟制说呈现出超越主客体说的理论优越性。下一阶段的研究需面向拟制哲学视角下的法律主体制度再探人工智能的法律拟制主体地位。人中心秩序格局是作为拟制建构的法律主体制度的原生基因,据“人”类推的“方法论”和维护人类实践利益的“目的论”构成这一基因的外向表征,成为新兴法律主体制度建构的逻辑起点。人工智能作为法律拟制主体契合据“人”类推的方法论型构,还能满足“效率/秩序”利益正向函值最大化,是面向人中心秩序格局的法律主体制度进行考证后发现仍然可行且唯可践行的合理方案。同时,在实践中,人工智能作为法律拟制主体还需恪守必要的限度,并可依循平等性、开放性和科学立法原则,建构人工智能主体的设立与终止制度、监管人制度、财产制度、责任承担制度和预防救济制度。

       

      Abstract: In the research on the legal subject status of artificial intelligence, the theory of fiction has shown theoretical superiority beyond the theory of subject object,The next stage of research needs to be oriented towards the philosophy of fiction, to examine the feasibility and inevitability of artificial intelligence as a legal subject system from the perspective of the legal subject system. The human-centered order pattern is the original gene of the legal subject system as a fictional construction. The “methodology” based on the analogy of “people” and the “teleology” of safeguarding human practical interests shape the outward representation of this gene and constitute an emerging legal subject, becoming the logical starting point for institutional construction. As a subject of legal fiction, artificial intelligence conforms to the methodological structure based on the “people” analogy, and can also satisfy the maximization of the positive function value of “efficiency/order” interests. It is a discovery after corrective exploration of the legal subject system oriented to the human-centered order pattern, a reasonable solution that is still feasible and an only solution that can be implemented. In practice, as the subject of legal fiction, artificial intelligence needs to abide by the necessary limits, and can follow the principles of equality, openness and scientific legislation to construct the establishment and termination system of artificial intelligence subject, supervisor system, property system, responsibility system and prevention and relief system.

       

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