论违反信义义务的获利返还

    Research on Restitution of Gains from Breach of Fiduciary Duty

    • 摘要: 受托人违反信义义务的获利包括基础价值和增量价值,基础价值是信托财产或受托人地位对获利的贡献,增量价值则是受托人的贡献。剥夺违反信义义务受托人获利的正当性在于惩罚法秩序的破坏者,保护不平等关系下的弱者之权益,防止受托人滥用对他人事务的自由裁量权。受托人行为是委托人意思的延伸,且授信人承担受托人行为的风险,因此授信人可保有获利。违反信义义务的获利返还责任构成以当事人之间存在信义关系,受托人未经同意利用特殊地位获得的条件牟利为客观要件。责任构成的因果关系判断宽松于相当因果关系标准,亦不考虑受托人的主观状态。违反信义义务的获利返还与传统的意定之债和法定之债存在根本差异,宜通过《信托法》第14条第2款和第26条第2款共同实现信义法下的获利返还规则。

       

      Abstract: The benefits of a trustee’s breach of fiduciary duty include both basic value and incremental value. Basic value refers to the contribution of trust property or trustee status to profits, while incremental value refers to the contribution of the trustee. The legitimacy of depriving trustees of their benefits for violating fiduciary obligations lies in punishing the disruptors of legal order, protecting the rights and interests of the weak in unequal relationships, and preventing trustees from abusing their discretionary power over the affairs of others. The trustee’s behavior is an extension of the principal’s intention, and the creditor assumes the risk of the trustee’s actions, therefore the creditor has the legitimacy to retain profits. The responsibility for profit return in violation of fiduciary obligations is objectively based on the existence of a fiduciary relationship between the parties and the trustee’s unauthorized use of special status to gain profit. The causal relationship judgment of responsibility composition is lenient compared to the equivalent causal relationship standard, and does not consider the subjective state of the trustee. There is a fundamental difference between the return of profits in violation of fiduciary obligations and existing remedies, and it is advisable to jointly implement the profit return rules under fiduciary law through Article 14 (2) and Article 26 (2) of the Trust Law.

       

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