Abstract: Environmental information disclosure is of great significance to building a healthy China and expanding the dividend of population quality. Employing data from the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey (CLDS) and the Pollution Information Transparency Index (PITI) of cities, in this study, fixed-effects models and instrumental variable approacheswere were utilized to examine the influence of environmental information disclosure on the health status of the labor force. The research findings indicated that environmental information disclosure exerted a significantly positive impact on the health level of the labor force, and this conclusion remains valid following a series of robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis showed that the health promotion effects of environmental information disclosure were stronger in eastern, urban, and high-income and employed labor groups under 45 years of age. Mechanism analysis demonstrated that environmental information disclosure could enhance the health level of the labor force’s by ameliorating air quality and facilitating knowledge acquisition. Moreover, the labor force’s risk perception ability played a negative moderating role in the relationship between environmental information disclosure and health status. These conclusions reveal the close relationship between environmental information disclosure and labor health, and provide policy implications for improving health human capital through environmental regulation.