Abstract: There is a strong logical correlation between new quality productivity and overall national security. Under the principle of coordinated development and security, new quality productivity provides solid material conditions and technological support for promoting national security, while overall national security sets a safety red line for the rapid development of new quality productivity. This interrelated and mutually interactive relationship has important theoretical significance and practical value for enhancing a country’s comprehensive strength and responding to complex international environments. Currently, the two-way interaction between new quality productivity and overall national security is facing obstacles such as international trade frictions and resource supply shortages, dependence on core technologies and hindered industrial development, network security risks and key data leaks, social governance difficulties, and ecological environment issues. By enhancing foreign economic and trade cooperation, increasing the innovative application of digital technology, improving the network security protection system, and enhancing the digital level of social governance, practical measures can be taken to promote the two-way interaction and joint progress between new quality productivity and overall national security.