Abstract: New quality productivity is characterized by technological innovation and the emergence of high-tech achievements, serving as a new driving force for enhancing a country's comprehensive strength, while military-civilian collaborative innovation is an important force empowering new quality productivity. On the basis of literature review and theoretical analysis, the theoretical logic and its implementation path model of military-civilian collaborative innovation empowering new quality productivity were constructed by combining components of new quality productivity and characteristics of military-civilian collaborative innovation. By analyzing the current situation of military-civilian collaborative innovation empowering new quality productivity, it is found that there are some confusions, such as the lack of reform of the military-civilian collaborative innovation system and mechanism, the imperfection of relevant policies and measures, the difficulty of hardware platforms in meeting needs of work, and the weak role of innovation achievements in empowering new quality productivity. A set of paths and corresponding countermeasures were proposed in this paper to solve the confusions of military-civilian collaborative innovation empowering new quality productivity with institutional reform and policy innovation as the driving force, building an efficient military-civilian collaborative innovation platform as a breakthrough, and improving the performance of collaborative innovation achievements to empower new quality productivity.