Abstract: Game theory of management, which is a mechanism planning theory on management incentive and restriction, grows as an uprising interdisciplinary subject on management incentive and restriction mechanism with the methods of integrating economics and management theories and methodology. This article probes the significance and background of the being of game theory of management, compares the difference between game theory of management and the other two relevant theories, game theory, and asymmetrical information game theory, and meanwhile puts forward some new challenging research problems of management game theory.