条约对第三国的效力及其最新发展

    The Validity of Treaty to the Third State and Its Latest Development

    • 摘要: 条约仅约束当事国 ,未经第三国同意 ,条约既不能为第三国创设权利 ,也不能为第三国施加义务 ,即条约对第三国既无损也无益 ,条约的这一相对效力原则已经成为习惯法的一部分。然而 ,这一古老的原则受到当代国际法的冲击 ,《国际刑事法院规约》将国际刑事法院的管辖权及于非当事国 ,欧共体将其制定的规则直接适用于成员国 ,《联合国海洋法公约》在其尚未生效以前就由非当事国参与修改。条约对第三国效力的新发展是否有助于继续维持国际关系和建立在国际关系基础之上的条约关系的稳定 ,这是当代国际法应该予以回答的一个棘手而又现实

       

      Abstract: A treaty only has the validity to its contracting states. Without the consent of the third states, it cannot offer them any rights nor liabilities. Such relative validity of treaty has constituted part of customary law. However, this old principle has been challenged in contemporary international law. The Stipulation of International Criminal Court extends its jurisdiction to its non-contracting states. The regulations made by European Community can be directly applied to its member states. Furthermore, the treaty of the ocean law has been amended with the participation of its non-contracting states. Whether or not the latest development of the validity of treaty to the third states is helpful to maintain international relationship and international relationship of treaty, this is a question hard to answer but to be answered.

       

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