Abstract: Naipaul is a contemporary writer of the English language, who has profound influence on postcolonial theory through his novels and travelogues. Taking a postcolonial perspective, This paper presents an analysis of Naipaul's semi-autobiographical novel The Enigma of Arrival, focusing on Naipau's cultural psychology as an exilic intellectual in this novel and in reality, and meanwhile makes a comparison between viewpoint of Naipaul and that of Edward Said and other postcolonial theorists. Based on the analysis and comparison this paper has attained a expounding of Naipaul's cultural Weltanschauung, which claims that the advanced western culture is not always a representative of colonialism, and an active "exile" can facilitate the absorption of advanced western culture and contribute to the development and prosperity of the Third World culture and even all cultures in the world.