Abstract: In the academic history of the first half of the twentieth century, a major event was the gradual formation of the Dewey School by scholars who studied the educational practices of John Dewey, such as Guo Bingwen, Hu Shi, Tao Xingzhi, and Chiang Monlin (Jiang Menglin). On this basis, this paper emphasizes the modern educational philosophy, explores the innovations and legacy, and brings to light the significance of the Dewey School in the development of modern Chinese education.