Abstract: Since its publication in 1952, Ernest Hemingway's representative work The old Man and the Sea has won worldwide reputation and attracted numerous critic's sattention. In the past decades, researchers mainly focused on the Santiago's image as atough man and a tragic hero. Yet this novel is a culmination of Hemingway's famous iceberg theory. There are many undiscovered ideas and thoughts hidden in the story and waiting for people to explore. This article tries to discuss the vivid and accuratedescription of Santiago from the ecological perspective so as to reveal Hemingway's ecological consciousness.