Abstract: The theory of "Chinese learning as fundamental, Western learning for practical use"means "Confucianism and Chinese principal system on politics as fundamental, Western arms, machines, technology, science and systems on military, economy , education,etc. for practical use". It is a ideological mode as well as a culture-choosing pattern. Both the Book of Encouraging Learning and the Imperial Edict in Jan.29,1901 reflect the theory in form, but they are very different in main views, effect and nature .