Abstract: To construct a harmonious socialist society is the Party's conscious choice in a political ecology of long-term in power and a deepen reorganization of the socialist development laws. Whether a harmonious socialist society can be realized or how the degree of realizing it depends on the party in power. The reasons include that, first, the party in power, as a political subject, and the Party's governance capability, as a kind of political resources, have significant status in building a harmonious socialist society; and second,it depends on the status and role of the Party in power. The party in power should be alert in dealing with the various relations in theconstruction of a harmonious socialist society.