Abstract: Focusing on the designing of the indicator system of rural regional competitiveness evaluation, through the design of 30 evaluation indicators and empirical analysis on various provinces and cities, the paper argues that the indicator system plays an important role in analyzing the internal structure of the rural regional competitiveness, and raises questions on location-determination theory in traditional regional or geographical economics. The paper presents a new understanding of the gradient development of "three zones"in China's economy. Finally the paper draws the conclusion that those regions that enjoy strong integrated competitiveness actually don't have the same competitiveness in the countryside; on the other hand, those underdeveloped regions actually have more obvious edge in countryside competitiveness. The paper puts forward that these areas, whose rural competitiveness is lower than other areas, should make more effort in policy making, technology innovation and industrialization, which are important means to upgrade rural region's competitiveness.