Abstract: Fairness and justice, particularly fairness in the area of allocation, become increasingly the focus of attention in contemporary China. Whether justice in the allocation process is realized or not depends largely on what kind of principles are implemented. Using the research methods of Marxist historicism, combined with the special realities of Chinese society in the transitional period, reflecting the principle of distribution of "giving priority to efficiency, with due consideration to fairness", and drawing on Rawls'distributive justice philosophy, the paper puts forward that in order to achieve fairness and justice in the initial distribution field, we must practice the principle of equality, the principle of contribution and the principle of compensation.