Abstract: In this paper, path-dependent theory and institutional change theory of new institutional economics are applied. In light ofthe successful experience of past rural reform and China state-owned enterprises reform, a new idea is put forward to the institutionaldesign of new rural collective economy realization format. The principles of classification management, invigorating large enterpriswhile assisting small ones and using the big ones to lead small ones are implemented for the perfection of rural economy managementsystem with Chinese characteristics based on central, provincial, county, town and village levels, and the promotion of the pluralismand diversity of rural collective economy.