从“实事求是”的理念看乾嘉汉学的时代特征

An Analysis of the Temporal Characteristics of Sinology in Qian-Jia Period from the Perspective of “Seeking Truth from Facts”

摘要: 作为清代学术代表的乾嘉汉学，每以“实事求是”的治学口号相标榜。以东吴惠氏为代表的吴派汉学和以戴震、凌廷堪为代表的皖派汉学及其后学扬州学派的阮元等学者，各学派对“实事求是”的理解——即对汉代学者班固提出的“实事求是”说的阐释和运用是各有侧重的。通过对“实事求是”的不同理解与阐释，乾嘉各学派不仅展现出了各具特色的治学面貌，而且也在治学理念上摆脱了宋明理学的框架，建构起新的思想和理论体系，展现出乾嘉时代新儒学的时代特征。

Abstract: As the representative of the academic achievements of Qing dynasty， Qian-Jia Sinology is always distinguished for its concept of“seeking truth from facts”. There are different explanations in different schools of the Qian-Jia Sinology for the primary meaning of“seeking truth from facts，” which was given by Ban Gu in East Han dynasty. These differences show the different characteristics of the various schools， and divergences of academic views between the Song-Ming neo-Confucianism and the Qian-Jia Sinology. Therefore， the idea of “seeking truth from facts” ought to be recognized as a sign of the characteristic of the age which Qian-Jia Sinology kept.