Abstract: Privatization of public medical institutions advocates breaking public medical institutions’monopoly of medical services by introducing market forces in medical services to enhance the efficiency of the supply of medical services. As a pro-market governance tool， privatization brings hope for improving supply efficiency of medical services and also brings threats and challenges to the fairness of medical service delivery. We must abide by several basic principles which are responsible for privatization， emphasizing regulation of privatization， advocating competition and limitary reform， in order to effectively protect and defend the fairness of medical services.