Abstract: The protection of the outer space environment in the risk society has become a global problem. The space debris is an important form of the pollution of the outer space environment， which influences the survival of humanity seriously. The pollution of the outer space environment in the risk society has its particularity， and the risk society proposes many challenges for the legal protection of the outer space environment. The challenges urge the legal protection system of the outer space environment to adapt to the ideas and values of the risk society and to design good legal system, so as to construct the perfect legal protection system of the outer space environment.