Abstract: The core of emission trading system is greatly influenced by government functions. In the emission trading markets of United States， Germany and various foreign governments， the stipulation of trading rules， monitoring of emission information and sanctioning of non-compliance behavior are mainly employed. In order to effectively promote the healthy development of emission trading market，Chinese government should direct its function on emission trading market as its manager， assistant and guide， for the effective promotion of the healthy development of emission trading market and the realization of the purpose of emission trading.