Abstract: According to the situation of macroeconomic development and oil consumption in China， combining with the industrial structure theory， the characteristics of the dependence of building and maintaining the international competitiveness of China’s economy on oil are analyzed. Through constructing VAR models and using impulse response functions and variance decomposition technique， the empirical study shows that comparing to the United States oil dependence does greater and longer harm to the stability of the international competitiveness of China’s economy. Structural optimization， including the optimization of sector structure， industrial structure and product mix， is an effective path to reduce oil dependence， improve economic efficiency of oil and ultimately improve the international competitiveness of China’s economy.