Abstract: Petroleum mobilization is an important method of maintaining national energy security. Based on the analysis of the structure and characteristics of petroleum industry, this paper researches the sources of extraordinary petroleum supply, and represents four mobilization models including expropriation of national and enterprise reservation, increasing petroleum production, compressing the sales and other applications of petroleum products and temporary import of petroleum, and finally makes suggestions on improving the efficiency of petroleum mobilization through building national reservation, improving the ability of ocean transport capacity and enforcing petroleum infrastructure.