Abstract: Petroleum mobilization potential is the basic factor that affects petroleum mobilization capability. The bottlenecks of petroleum industry chain directly influence the capability of petroleum mobilization and petroleum supply. In order to clarify the sources and influencing factors of petroleum mobilization potential, after analyzing the structure of petroleum industry chain, we find that petroleum mobilization potential mainly comes from the extraordinary production capacity of petroleum enterprises, petroleum reserves, petroleum import capacity and the increased supply capacity by adjusting the use of petroleum resource. In order to increase Petroleum enterprises' production, all aspects of the industry chain need to work closely. Reserve type, structure and size affect petroleum reserve capacity. Petroleum import capability is affected by cost, time and transportation safety. The scope, modalities and procedures of petroleum consumption control directly have an effect on the work's efficiency. Finally, four policy recommendations were proposed to enhance petroleum mobilization potential：strengthen petroleum exploration and development, expand cooperation with foreign countries, improve the national petroleum reserve system, strengthen the capability of petroleum transport security, establish a leading agency and improve relevant laws and regulations.