WTO《SCM协定》中的“同类产品”——以“欧美大型民用飞机贸易措施争端”为例

Interpretation of “Like Products” in SCM Agreement based on the Critical Study of WTO Decisions on Boeing-Airbus Disputes

摘要: “同类产品”的界定关系到判断一国补贴措施是否符合WTO《SCM协定》。而《SCM协定》中“同类产品”定义非常抽象和模糊,加上WTO实践对“同类产品”的认定没有统一标准,这不利于WTO成员准确地履行《SCM协定》下的义务。通过分析欧美大型民用飞机贸易争端中WTO争端解决机构对“同类产品”的理解,结合《SCM协定》“同类产品”条款的法理解释,认为:《SCM》协定下“同类产品”的界定首先应满足《SCM协定》注46的规定。其次,在“相关市场中产品之间的竞争关系”是认定《SCM协定》中“同类产品”诸多因素中尤其值得重视、提倡和采用的判断标准。

Abstract: The specific coverage of obligations under the SCM Agreements hinges upon the definition and resulting scope of “like products”. While this subject is certainly one of the most fundamental issues in the field of SCM Agreement, its blurring boundary has not been clarified yet. This article discusses a conceptual view of the like products definition based on a comprehensive analysis of Boeing-Airbus disputes cases and textual interpretation of SCM Agreement. This article shows that determination of the “likeness” under the SCM Agreement should conform to notes 46 of SCM Agreement. More importantly,“like products” should be assessed from the perspective of “competition relationship of products in the relevant markets”.